kayaç türü listesi ne demek?

petrologların tanıdığı ve tanımladığı kayaç türü listesi. Kayaç olmayan türler ile eski kayaç türlerinin adları ek olarak verilmiştir.

Magmatik kayaçlar

Andezit - bir ortaç yüzey kayacı

Alkali feldspat granit - a granitoid in which at least 90% of the total feldspar is in the form of alkali feldspar

Anortozit - an intrusive igneous felsic rock composed predominantly of plagioclase

Aplit - a very fine grained intrusive igneous rock composed of quartz and feldspar

Bazalt - mafik bileşimli yüzey kayacı

Adakit - düşük miktarda itriyum ve iterbiyum içeren bir bazalt sınıfı

Havaiit - a class of basalts formed from ocean island (hot spot) magmatizma.

Bazanit - a volcanic rock of mafic composition; essentially a silica-undersaturated basalt

Boninit - baskın olarak piroksen içeren magnezyumca zengin bazalt

Dasit - a felsic to intermediate volcanic rock containing hornblende and with plagioclase > orthoclase

Diyabaz ya da dolerit - an intrusive mafic rock forming dykes or sills

Diyorit - a coarse-grained intermediate plutonic rock composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and/or amphibole

Dünit - a phaneritic ultramafic rock composed of more than 90% olivine, usually forsteritic

Essexite - a silica undersaturated mafic plutonic rock (essentially a foid-bearing gabbro)

Foidolite - a plutonic igneous rock composed of >90% feldspathoid minerals

Gabro - a coarse grained plutonic rock composed of pyroxene and plagioclase basically equivalent to basalt

Granit - a coarse grained plutonic rock composed of orthoclase, plagioclase and quartz

Granodiyorit - a granitic plutonic rock with plagioclase > orthoclase

Granofir - a subvolcanic intrusive rock of granitic composition

Harzburjit - a variety of peridotite; an ultramafic cumulate rock

Hornblendit - a mafic or ultramafic cumulate rock dominated by >90% hornblende

Hiyaloklastit - a volcanic rock composed primarily of glasses and glassy tuff

İzlandit - a volcanic rock

İgnimbrit - a fragmental volcanic rock

Ijolite - a very rare silica-undersaturated plutonic rock

Karbonatit - a rare igneous rock composed of >50% carbonate minerals

Karnokit - a type of granite containing orthopyroxene

Enderbit - a variety of charnockite

Kimberlit - nadir ultramafik, ultrapotassik yüzey kayacı ve elmas kaynağı

Komatit - çok yüksek miktarda MgO içeren eski bir ultramafik yüzey kayacı

Lamproyit - an ultrapotassic volcanic rock

Lamprofir - an ultramafic, ultrapotassic intrusive rock dominated by mafic phenocrysts in a feldspar groundmass

Latit - a silica undersaturated form of andesite

Lherzolit - an ultramafic rock, essentially a peridotite

Monzogranit - a silica undersaturated granite with <5% normative quartz

Monzonit - a plutonic rock with <5% normative quartz

Nefelin siyenit - a silica undersaturated plutonic rock with nepheline replacing orthoclase

Neflinit - a silica undersaturated plutonic rock with >90% nepheline

Norit - a hypersthene bearing gabbro

Obsidiyen - a type of volcanic glass

Pegmatit - an igneous rock (or metamorphic rock) with giant sized crystals

Peridotit - a plutonic or cumulate ultramafic rock composed of olivine and pyroxene

Fonolit - a silica undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially similar to nepheline syenite

Pikrit - an olivine-bearing basalt

Porfiri - a rock, usually granitic, with a porphyritic texture

Pümis - a fine grained, extremely vesicular volcanic rock

Piroksenit - %90'dan fazla piroksen bileşimli kaba taneli derinlik kayası

Kuvars diyorit - %5'ten fazla modal kuvars içeren diyorit

Kuvars monzonit - bir ortaç bileşimli derinlik kayası, essentially a monzonite with 5-10% modal quartz

Riyodasit - a felsic volcanic rock which is intermediate between a rhyolite and a dacite

Riyolit - bir felsik yüzey kayacı

Komendit - bir peralkalin riyolit

Pantellerit - amfibol fenokristaller içeren bir alkalin riyolit-riyodasit

Skorya - an extremely vesicular mafic volcanic rock

Sovit - kaba taneli karbonatit kayacı

Siyenit - baskın olarak ortoklaz feldispat içeren bir derinlik kayacı; bir tür granitoid

Takilit - essentially bir basaltik cam

Tefrit - a silica undersaturated volcanic rock

Tonalit - baskın olarak plajioklaz içeren bir granitoid

Trakiyandesit - bir alkalin ortaç yüzey kayacı

Benmoreit - sodic trakiandezit

Bazaltik trakiyandezit

Müjearit - sodic basaltic trachyandesite

Şoşonit - potasyumca zengin bazaltik trakiandezit

Trakit - a silica undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially a feldspathoid-bearing rhyolite

Troktolit - a plutonic ultramafic rock containing olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase

Trondhjemite - a form of tonalite where plagioclase-group feldspar is oligoclase

Tüf - a fine grained volcanic rock formed from volcanic ash

Vebsterit - a type of pyroxenite, composed of clinoproxene and orthopyroxene

Vehrlit - an ultramafic plutonic or cumulate rock, a type of peridotite, composed of olivine and clinopyroxene

Tortul kayaçlar

Arjillit - a sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles

Arkoz - a sedimentary rock similar to sandstone

Banded iron formation - a fine grained chemical sedimentary rock composed of iron oxide minerals

Breş - a sedimentary or tectonic rock composed of fragments of other, broken rocks

Tebeşir - a sedimentary rock composed primarily of coccolith fossils

Çört - silika bileşimli ince taneli bir kimyasal tortul kayaç

Kiltaşı - kilden oluşan bir tortul kayaç

Kömür - organik maddede oluşan bir tortul kayaç

Konglomera - çeşitli kayaçların bol miktarda yuvarlatılmış parçalarınıdan oluşan bir tortul kayaç

Coquina - a sedimentary carbonate rock formed by accumulation of abundant shell fossils and fragments

Diamictite - a poorly sorted conglomerate

Diyatomit - diyatom taşıllarından oluşan bir tortul kayaç

Dolomit ya da dolotaşı - a carbonate rock composed of the mineral dolomite +/- calcite

Evaporit - a chemical sedimentary rock formed by accumulation of minerals after evaporation; kaya tuzu (halitit) ve jips kayacı içeren varyasyonlar

Flint - bir çört çeşidi

Grovak - an immature sandstone with quartz, feldspar and rock fragments within a clay matrix

Gritstone - essentially a coarse sandstone formed from small pebbles

Itacolumite - porous, yellow-orange sandstone which is flexible if cut into thin strips

Jaspillite - an iron-rich chemical sedimentary rock similar to chert or banded iron formation

Laterite - a residual sedimentary rock formed from a parent rock under tropical conditions

Linyit - a sedimentary rock composed of organic material; otherwise known as Brown Coal

Kireçtaşı - a sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbonate minerals

Marl - a limestone with a considerable proportion of silicate material

Çamurtaşı - a sedimentary rock composed of clay and muds

Oil shale - a sedimentary rock composed dominantly of organic material

Oolit - bir çeşit kimyasal tortul kireçtaşı

Kumtaşı - a clastic sedimentary rock defined by its grain size

Şeyl - a clastic sedimentary rock defined by its grain size

Silttaşı - a clastic sedimentary rock defined by its grain size

Traverten - demir oksit ve kalsit içeren bir tortul kayaç

Türbidit - a particular sequence of sedimentary rocks which form within the deep ocean environment

Vaketaşı - a matrix-supported carbonate sedimentary rock.

Metamorfik kayaçlar

Antrasit - bir tür kömür

Amfibolit - ağırlıklı olarak amfibol içeren bir metamorfik kayaç

Mavişist - sodalı amfibol bileşimli belirgin mavi renge sahip bir metamorfik kayaç

Kataklasit - faylanma ile oluşan bir kayaç

Eklojit - ultra-yüksek derecede başkalaşmış bazalt ya da gabro; ayrıca metamorfik kayaçların bir fasiyes türü

Gnays - kaba taneli bir metamorfik kayaç

Gossan - the product of the weathering of a sulfide rock or ore body

Granülit - a high grade metamorphic rock formed from basalt; also a facies of metamorphic rocks

Yeşilşist - baskın olarak yeşil amfibol içeren bir mafik metamorfik kayaç

Greenstone

Hornfels - bir magmatik kayaç tarafından ısıtılarak oluşmuş bir metamorfik kayaç

Mermer - başkalaşım geçirmiş kireçtaşı

Migmatit - a high grade metamorphic rock verging upon melting into a magma

Milonit - a metamorphic rock formed by shearing

Metapelit - a metamorphic rock with a protolith of clay-rich (siltstone) sedimentary rock

Fillit - a low grade metamorphic rock composed mostly of micaceous minerals

Metapsammite - a metamorphic rock with a protolith of quartz-rich (sandstone) sedimentary rock

Pseudotachylite - a glass formed by melting within a fault via friction

Kuvarsit - genellikle %95'ten fazla kuvars içeren başkalaşmış kumtaşı

Şist - a low to medium grade metamorphic rock

Serpantinit - serpantin minerallerince zengin başkalaşmış bir ultramafik kayaç

Skarn - bir metasomatik kayaç

Sleyt - a low grade metamorphic rock formed from shale or silts

Suevite - a rock formed by partial melting during a meteorite impact

Talk karbonat - a metamorphosed ultramafic rock with talc as an essential constituent; similar to a serpentinite

Soapstone - essentially a talc schist

Beyazşist - a high pressure metamorphic rock containing talc and kyanite

Specific varieties of rocks

The following are terms for rocks that are not petrographically or genetically distinct but are defined according to various other criteria; most are specific classes of other rocks, or altered versions of existing rocks. Some archaic and vernacular terms for rocks are also included.

Adamellit - a variety of quartz monzonite

Appinite - a group of varieties of lamprophyre, mostly rich in hornblende

Afanit - an aphanitic felsic volcanic rock which confounds identification via optical means

Borolanit - a variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland

Blue Granite - essentially larvikite, a monzonite

Epidosit - a type of metasomatite; essentially altered basalt

Felsit - an aphanitic felsic volcanic rock which confounds identification via optical means

Flint - typically a form of chert, jasper, or tuff

Ganister - a Cornish term for a palaeosol formed on sandstone

Ijolite - a silica-undersaturated plutonic rock associated with nepheline syenites

Jadeitite - a very rare rock formed by concentration of jadeite pyroxene; a form of serpentinite

Jasperoid - a hematite-silica metasomatite analogous to a skarn

Kenyte - a variety of phonolite, first found on Mount Kenya

Vogesite - a variety of lamprophyre

Larvikite - a variety of monzonite with microperthitic ternary feldspars from Larvik, Norway

Litchfieldite - a metamorphosed nepheline syenite occurrence near Litchfield, Maine

Luxullianite - a tourmaline-bearing granite with a peculiar texture, occurring at Luxulyan, Cornwall, England

Mangerite - a hypersthene-bearing monzonite

Minette - a variety of lamprophyre

Novaculite - a chert formation found in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Teksas

Pirolit - a chemical analogue considered to theoretically represent the earth's upper mantle

Rapakivi granite - a granite which exhibits the peculiar rapakivi texture

Rhomb porphyry - a type of latite with euhedral rhombic phenocrysts of feldspar

Shonkinite - melitilic and kalsititic rocks

Takonit - banded iron formation, primarily used in the United States of America

Teschenite - essentially a silica undersaturated, analcime bearing gabbro

Theralite - essentially a nepheline gabbro

Variolite - devitrified glass

Ayrıca bakınız

• Mineral listesi
• Kayaç döngüsü
• Rock formation: for a list of unusual or culturally significant rock outcrops.

Dış bağlantılar

• British Geological Survey
• Igneous rock classification
• Rock Types Article by Encyclopaedia Britannica
• Classification of common rocks and soils
• Metamorphic Rock Classification
• Volcanic rocks
• Earth Science Education Unit virtual rock kit

Orijinal kaynak: kayaç türü listesi. Creative Commons Atıf-BenzerPaylaşım Lisansı ile paylaşılmıştır.

Kategoriler